Open-pit Mining and Water Privatization. Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Open-pit mining is known for its high water consumption during the processing of precious metals and for industrial use. The objective of this article is to compare the water privatization processes in regions with active mines (Zacatecas and Sonora) with those in regions where mines closed or never opened (Chiapas and Puebla). The data was obtained from 556 questionnaires applied in 13 affected communities, interviews, and 10 workshops. The forms of water privatization identified in Zacatecas and Sonora were: 1) concentration of water concessions in the hands of mining companies, 2) dispossession of community supply systems and 3) increasing consumption of bottled water. In Chiapas and Puebla, the institutional fragility of local water committees in resolving distribution and quality problems was evident; however, unlike Zacatecas and Sonora, the communities maintain control over their water sources. The conclusion is that open-pit mining contributes to the privatization of water. It is necessary to strengthen the State's capacity to make the human right to water viable in regions with the presence of mines, without neglecting the problems that exist in other places where they are absent, and institutional fragility can’t guarantee this right.