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Palabras clave
contaminación atmosférica
metales pesados
políticas públicas
salud pública
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Resumen
El artículo analiza la relación entre la percepción social de la contaminación atmosférica y la bioacumulación de metales pesados en frutos como la guayaba y el guamúchil de árboles urbanos, así como los riesgos asociados para la salud en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara. A través de encuestas se encontró que el 71 % percibe el aire contaminado, 85 % reconoce la capacidad de los árboles para acumular metales pesados y 64 % consume frutos de guamúchil o guayaba, pese a que 63 % manifiesta preocupación por su posible contaminación. El análisis químico mostró que, en comparación con los frutos de guayaba, los de guamúchil presentan concentraciones significativamente más altas de Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn y Ni (132.77, 82.14, 40.34, 33.01 y 22.41 mg kg⁻¹, respectivamente) superando el índice de riesgo no cancerígeno total (THQ < 1) en mujeres (1.26) y hombres (1.13). Asimismo, el riesgo cancerígeno total fue elevado con valores de 2.45 × 10⁻³ en mujeres y 2.20 × 10⁻³ en hombres, clasificados por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA, por sus siglas en inglés) como nivel de riesgo alto. Estos resultados respaldan la necesidad de implementar programas de comunicación basados en evidencia científica para informar a la población sobre el consumo de frutos de árboles urbanos según la calidad ambiental del entorno.
Citas
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