Resumen
Marine environments are currently threatened by marine litter originating in offshore marine structures and land-based sources. Moreover, debris is directly related to anthropogenic activities, particularly poor waste management practices, and natural disasters. Taking scuba diving as nature-based tourism activity in a popular tourism destination in Mexico, for a period of 66 days, 181 American divers were assessed as regards their behavior in the home regarding plastic use and food waste production. Certified divers registered their behavior ona Likert-type scale, and the information was compared with non-divers participating in try-dives, or taking training levels for certification. In general, both groups have registered good waste-management practices, although, certified divers show evidence of adopting better practices in the home in order to reduce waste, probably because they are aware of the benefits for the environment.
Citas
Ajzen, Icek (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2), pp.179–211.
Ajzen, Icek (2012). “The theory of planned behavior”, in P. A. M. Lange, A. W. Kruglanski and E. T. Higgins (eds.). Handbook of theories of social psychology. London, UK: Sage, pp. 438-459.
Altvater, Susanne (2013). “Marine Litter in the Baltic Sea: Challenges and Opportunities. CLEANSEA – Runder Tisch Einführung”. Full text and free access from http://www.ecologic.eu/sites/files/event/2013/Altvater-CLEANSEA-Workshop-14Nov2013_0.pdf Accessed January 12, 2014.
Ballantyne, Roy, Jan Packer and Lucy Sutherland (2011). “Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences”, Tourism Management 32 (4), pp. 770-779.
Besharat, Mohammad Ali and Samane Pourbohlool (2014). “The moderating effects of inner-directed and other-directed behavior styles on the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior”, in International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3, pp. 75-84.
Bhattacherjee, Anaol (2012). “Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices”. Full text free from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=oa_textbooks . Accessed March 8, 2013.
Bortoleto, Ana, Kiyo Kurisu and Keisuke Hanaki (2012). “Model development for household waste prevention behaviour”, in Waste Management 32, pp. 2195–207.
Dimmock, Kay (2009). “Comfort in adventure: The role of comfort, constraints and negotiation in recreational SCUBA diving”. Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, PhD thesis. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/96/
Falk, John, Eric Reinhard, Cynthia Vernon, Kerry Bronnenkant, Nora Deans and Joe Heimlich (2007). Why Zoos & Aquariums Matter: Assessing the Impact of a Visit to a Zoo & Aquarium. MD, Silver Spring: Association of Zoos and Aquariums, 24 p.
Fishbein, Martin and Icek Ajzen (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 578 p.
Garrod, Brian and Stefan Gössling (Eds.) (2008). New Frontiers in Marine Tourism: Diving Experiences, Sustainability, Management. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 249 pp.
Darren, George and Paul Mallery (Eds.) (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 63 pp.
Gliem, Joseph and Rosemary Gliem. (2003). “Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales”, The Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education. 8-10 October 2003. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Gregory, Murray (1996). “Plastic “scrubbers” in hand cleansers: a further (and minor) source for marine pollution identified”, in Marine Pollution Bulletin 32 (12), pp. 867–871.
Gunders, Dana (2012). “Wasted: How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill”. Full text and free access from http://www.nrdc.org. Accessed January 17, 2013.
Hinojosa, Ivan and Martin Thiel (2009). “Floating marine debris in fjords, gulfs and channels of southern Chile”, in Marine Pollution Bulletin 58 (2009), pp. 341–350.
Jennings, Gayle (2007). Water-Based Tourism, Sport, Leisure, and Recreation Experiences. Elsevier, Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 279 p.
Kaiser, Florian, Gabor Doka, Patrick Hofstetter and Michael Ranney (2003). “Ecological behavior and its environmental consequences: a life cycle assessment of a self-report measure“, in Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, pp. 11–20.
Viscusi, Kip, Joel Huber and Jason Bell (2011). “Promoting Recycling: Private Values, Social Norms, and Economic Incentives”, in American Economic Review, 101(3), pp. 65-70
Lechner, Aaron, Hubert Keckeis, Franz Lumesberger-Loisl, Bernhard Zens, Reinhard Krusch , Michael Tritthart, Martin Glas and Elisabeth Schludermann (2014). “The Danube so colourful: A potpourri of plastic litter outnumbers fish larvae in Europe’s second largest river”, in Environmental Pollution 188(May 2014), pp.177-181.
López-Mosquera, Natalia and Mercedes Sánchez (2012). “Theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory explaining willingness to pay for a suburban park”, in Journal of Environmental Management, 113, 251-262.
Marine Litter Solutions (2012). “The Declaration of The Global Plastics Associations For Solutions On Marine Litter”. Full text and free access from http://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCsQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinelittersolutions.com%2Fcust%2Fdocumentrequest.aspx%3FDocID%3D55971&ei=VNGRU6qWNsiX0AW554HQDw&usg=AFQjCNF8KWXvLxnoouWwBDd_zMm4HvWyWg&sig2=So-OT1dba4dwIou4y237dQ&bvm=bv.68445247,d.d2k. Accessed January 23, 2014.
Martins, Joana and Paula Sobral (2011). “Plastic marine debris on the Portuguese coastline: A matter of size?”, in Marine Pollution Bulletin 62(12), pp. 2649–2653.
Miao, Li and Wei, Wei. (2013). “Consumers’ pro-environmental behavior and the underlying motivations: A comparison between household and hotel settings”, in International Journal of Hospitality Management 32(2013), pp.102–112.
Micro (2014). “International Workshop - The fate and impacts of microplastics in marine ecosystems”. Full text and free from http://microplastic.wordpress.com/2014/01/17/international-workshop-13-15-january-2014-fate-and-impact-of-microplastics-in-marine-ecosystems/ Accessed March 22, 2014.
Moore, Charles. (2008). “Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat”, in Environmental Research 108(2), pp.131-139.
Mota, Luis (2014). “The Synergy between Scuba Diving and Household Behaviour: Testing Plastic and Food Waste ‘The use of natural habitats for tourism education’. University of Santiago Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain, Ph.D. thesis. http://hdl.handle.net/10347/10022
Musa, Ghazali (2003). “Sipadan: An over-exploited scuba-diving paradise? An analysis of tourism impact, diver satisfaction, and management priorities”, in Brian Garrod. and Julie Wilson (Eds.), Marine ecotourism: issues and experiences, Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications, pp. 122–137.
Musa, Ghazali, Wong Tong Seng, Thinaranjeney Thirumoorthi and Masoud Abessi (2011). “The influence of scuba divers’ personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior”, in Tourism in Marine Environments, 7(1), pp. 1–14.
OECD (2013). “Municipal waste, the OECD Fact book 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics “. Full text and free from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-factbook-2013_factbook-2013-en. Accessed January 23, 2013.
Orams, Mark. (1996). “Using Interpretation to Manage Nature-Based Tourism”, in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 4(2), pp. 81-94.
Orams, Mark. (1999). Marine tourism: development, impacts and management. London: Routledge, 132 p.
PADI (2013). “Professional Association of Diving Instructors”. PADI Americas Head office, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA – USA.
Rodríguez-Barreiro, Luis, Rosario Fernández-Manzanal, Luis Serra, José Carrasquer, María Murillo, María Morales, José Calvo and Javier del Valle (2012). “Approach to a causal model between attitudes and environmental behaviour. A graduate case study”, in Journal of Cleaner Production XXX(2012), pp.1–10. Accessed January 23, 2013.
Schwab, Nicholas, Helen Harton and Jerry Cullum (2014). “The effects of emergent norms and attitudes on recycling behavior”, in Environment and Behavior, 46(4), pp. 403-422.
SIOM (2013). “Sistema Integral de Operación Migratoria. Sistema Integral de Información de Mercados Turísticos – SIIMT”. File free from http://www.siimt.com/zh/siimt/siim_siom. Accessed January 12, 2013.
Tah Fatt, Ong and Ghazali Musa (2012). “Examining the influences of experience, personality and attitude on SCUBA divers’ underwater behaviour: A structural equation model”, in Tourism Management, 33(6), pp. 1521–1534.
Thompson, Richard, Ylva Olsen, Richard Mitchell, Anthony Davis, Steven Rowland, Anthony John, Daniel McGonigle and Andrea Russel (2004). “Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?”, in Science, 304(5672), p. 838.
Valledor, Manuel and Jose Carreira (2000). “Unidad de Calidad Hospital San Agustín Unidad de Investigación Hospital San Agustín. Metodología de muestreo en estadística”. Full text free from http://hsa.es/wp/?m=200009. Accessed January 22, 2013.
WSPA (2012). Untangled - Marine debris: a global picture of the impact on animal welfare and of animal-focused solutions. London, UK: World Society for the Protection of Animals. 78p.
WTO (2001). Tourism 2020 Vision - Global Forecasts and Profiles of Market Segments - Chapter 7. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization, 139p.
Sociedad y Ambiente by El Colegio de la Frontera Sur is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License.