Conflict in the early implementation of REDD+ in Mexico

Abstract

Mexico has attempted to strengthen its forest policy through the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) initiative, known as REDD+, involving the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, their sustainable management, as well as the conservation and increase of forest carbon stocks. During the period of REDD+ preparation in Mexico (2010-2017), an attempt was made to reframe forest policies to introduce a perspective of sustainable rural development through a broad process of participation by related sectors, which laid the foundations for the design and implementation of the National REDD+ Strategy (ENAREDD+). This article seeks to determine whether local forms of resource management were considered in the design and implementation of REDD+ pilot projects, and whether REDD+ interventions can create or increase the possibilities of cooperation or conflict. A research project with actors at the national, state and municipal levels shows how inertias in the design and early implementation of REDD+, rooted in power relations, jeopardize the achievement of their objectives. Likewise, it shows how the technocratic mitigation and adaptation policies applied to the forestry, conservation and rural development sectors are contradictory and weak, as are their social objectives, discouraging the local population from reducing emissions from land use change. If these trends continue beyond the preparatory stage, REDD+ implementation may not achieve the UNFCCC objectives or stakeholder expectations, thereby creating discouragement, discontent and conflict.